Policymakers and industry leaders increasingly recognize the urgent need to decarbonize while ensuring reliable and affordable access to electricity. Rising demand from AI data centers, hydrogen production, and industrial electrification is straining conventional grids and highlighting the limitations of a renewables-only approach to decarbonization. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are gaining traction as a vital pathway to achieve deep decarbonization, offering compact, modular nuclear plants with enhanced safety, flexible siting options, and faster deployment than traditional nuclear reactors. However, international progress in expanding nuclear capacity remains uneven. Effective SMR adoption must align energy independence, regulatory innovation, and industrial competitiveness to deliver long-term resilience. Technology advances, diverse reactor types, and global investment momentum are making SMRs practical, economically viable, and increasingly essential to future energy strategies. In this report, we focus on the commercialization prospects of SMR technologies and how they can potentially reshape the global clean-energy landscape.

As the global push for decarbonization intensifies, hydrogen has emerged as a key enabler of deep emissions reductions. While today’s hydrogen economy remains predominantly fossil-based, growing momentum around green and low-carbon hydrogen is catalyzing a strategic shift. This transformation is vital for achieving net-zero targets and building a flexible, resilient, and integrated energy system. Despite the progress, many advanced hydrogen technologies are still maturing, offering untapped potential for cost reduction, efficiency gains, and wider adoption. This report examines the evolving hydrogen technology landscape, with a focus on innovations across production, storage, transport, and end-use applications. On the production side, it highlights advances in green hydrogen through electrolysis, particularly Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs) and Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) systems, alongside developments in turquoise hydrogen pathways. Storage and transport innovations extend beyond conventional compression or liquefaction, spotlighting novel chemical carriers such as ammonia and Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs), as well as solid-state hydrogen storage systems designed for decentralized and mobile uses. The report highlights how these next-generation technologies are shaping the future hydrogen economy, unlocking new possibilities in industrial decarbonization, clean mobility, and grid-scale energy systems. It explores the key drivers accelerating their development, assesses techno-economic dynamics, and examines policy, funding, and infrastructure enables key for commercialization. By offering a strategic view of emerging hydrogen innovations, application readiness, and market viability, this report equips stakeholders with actionable insights to navigate the complex transition toward a clean hydrogen-powered future.

Policymakers and industrial stakeholders globally are striving to transition to a low-carbon economy to achieve net-zero targets in the long term. However, sectors such as aviation, shipping, long-distance transport, and heavy industries have difficulty decarbonizing using direct electrification. These hard-to-abate sectors need large-scale, high-energy-density feedstocks to decarbonize. Hydrogen is the ideal energy carrier, enabling energy diversification when produced through renewable energy, significantly reducing emissions while aiding policymakers to meet long-term pledges. Additionally, renewable energy sources are highly intermittent, leading to fluctuations in renewable energy storage. Power-to-X (PtX) technology advances help convert surplus renewable energy into stable energy carriers, such as hydrogen and its derivatives, including Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), methanol, ammonia, and synthetic methane, for aviation, maritime, agriculture, and chemicals industries. PtX efficiently harnesses renewable energy by producing synthetic fuels, chemicals, and other specialty compounds. It also reduces carbon emissions and minimizes dependency on fossil fuels. In this report, we analyze the growing PtX technology adoption across industries and how it aids decarbonization. Scope Geography: all Industry: energy, environment, and transportation Contents In this report, we examine: The PtX technology landscape and its significant pathways Key factors driving R&D and adoption Key technology developers, regulations, and techno-economic analysis PtX technologies’ future trajectory